Although 1 in 5 children is dyslexic, less than 30% are ever identified. Most schools and parents wait to evaluate a child with reading difficulties because they assume that it is just a temporary problem and that they will outgrow it. Data from the Connecticut Longitudinal Study conducted by the Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity show that, “at least three out of four children who read poorly in third grade continue to have reading problems in high school and beyond. Without identification and proven interventions, virtually all children who have difficulties early on will struggle with reading when they are adults.”  The importance of identifying these children and young adults and then providing them with evidence-based reading intervention cannot be overstated. As a country, we cannot afford the economic impact of undiagnosed dyslexia and lack of appropriate interventions. 

So how can we identify the signs of dyslexia in an elementary student and beyond?  One sign is that the difficulty in naming the letters of the alphabet during the preschool years is followed by trouble with naming the sounds of each letter in elementary school. Blending sounds is even more difficult.  I had difficulty in actually hearing the differences between some of the vowels. Children with dyslexia often find reading very difficult and try to avoid it. They often have a terrific fear of reading out loud. Their oral reading may be choppy and slow. There is often a history of poor spelling and they may even find that spell check is unable to autocorrect with the appropriate word.  Many dyslexics have difficulty with the rote memorization of information. They often need a little extra time to respond verbally.  There is often a history of reading problems in parents or siblings as dyslexia often runs in families. These difficulties are unexpected because their IQ is average to above average. It isn’t a matter of intelligence. Dyslexics have excellent reasoning abilities and seem to get the big picture.

In successful adults, dyslexics can be identified by their lack of reading fluency.  They often have trouble pronouncing unusual or uncommon names and words. They prefer books with figures, charts, or graphs. Their spelling often remains disastrous. They continue to avoid situations where they are required to read aloud. These young adults are successful because they have learned to accommodate. Successful dyslexics include people like Steve Jobs, Charles Schwab, Steven Spielberg, and Alexander Graham Bell. 

It is important for teachers and parents to educate themselves on the signs of dyslexia. With this knowledge, they have the ability to intervene in the life of a child and ensure that they receive the appropriate intervention necessary for them to succeed. They truly have the power to change the life of a child.

Recognizing the Signs of Dyslexia in Young Children

Dyslexia is very common and according to the National Institutes of Heath (NIH) it affects one out of five people. Unfortunately, less than 30% of dyslexics are identified. Sadly, when they are identified, they are past the optimal age for remediation. It is not uncommon for dyslexics to go unrecognized until adolescence or adulthood. According to Dr. Sally Shaywitz at the Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity, it is unacceptable to have children and adults struggling to read when they could benefit from what modern neuroscience has taught us about reading and dyslexia.  It is actually possible to catch these children and intervene before they ever have the chance to fail or to fall behind their peers.  In her book, Overcoming Dyslexia, Dr. Shaywitz states, “new discoveries now make it possible to (1) identify with a high degree of precision those children who are at the highest risk for dyslexia - even before they develop reading problems, (2) diagnose dyslexia accurately in children, young adults, and adults, and (3) manage the disorder with highly effective and proven treatment programs.”

So how can we recognize the signs of dyslexia in a young child before they get behind?  There are many signs that parents often identify early on and question. Although it is possible to see the signs in preschool children, it is important to note that dyslexic children are not all alike and they may have some of the signs but not all of the signs.  One of the first warning signs that parents recognize is not so much what their child is doing, but what they aren’t doing. Delayed speech is common among  dyslexic children. In the early years, they may have difficulty rhyming. They find it hard to memorize simple nursery rhymes such as “Humpty Dumpty” and “Jack and Jill”.  Learning the letters of the alphabet can also be difficult. For me, the letters of the alphabet were basically the alphabet song. To identify a letter, I had to recite the song to find its name. Dyslexic children often mispronounce words for an extended period of time. It can sound like baby talk and it may persist beyond when it seems appropriate.  They also often don’t recognize the letters in their own name. These difficulties are unexpected in these children because they are very bright and have an average to above-average IQ. They appear curious and have great imaginations. They often have large vocabularies for their age and enjoy building models.   The key to success for these children is to identify them as early as possible, even before they are expected to begin to read. Based on the scientific data generated to date on dyslexia, it is possible to identify dyslexic children before they experience failure or fall behind their peers and to provide them with evidence-based instruction.